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In 1987, the United Nations Environment, headed by former Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, has worked on the situation of the contemporary world and has demonstrated scientific evidence that global society has been destroying the environment and affecting large sectors of the global population by subjecting them to poverty. This analysis was published in a book entitled "Our Common Future", based on the conclusions of the Brundtland Report. In this report, the term sustainability (or sustainable development) has been used for the first time, defined as meeting the needs of present generations without compromising.
The purpose of the Brundtland Report was to find practical tools for you reverse the problems of development and the environment. To achieve this objective, the Commission for three years for public hearings and received over 500 written comments subsequently examined by scientists and politicians from 21 countries and different ideologies. As the book indicates. the work of so many people with histories and cultures necessitated the strengthening of the dialogue, which explains the result of this synergy is more than any of them have achieved individually.
However, the concept to the term sustainable development has been in process before the 1987 meeting. In fact, in June 1972, the Declaration of the United Nations Conference held in Stockholm, where the environment of man and two basic aspects that compose the artificial and natural, we have actively discussed. It is pertinent to highlight the findings indicate that the concern of the index of the contamination and inequality in the conditions necessary for development. It is clear that even if the term sustainable development was not used until 1987, some events around the world have revealed the need to check the definition of development and construction point of view, including, interdependent and fair .
The subject has been discussed widely and in many scenes. After ten years of the UN Conference 1972 in May 1982 in Nairobi (Africa), another conference was held, whose central focus was the environment. Once again, the themes and topics to be included in a new mandate have been addressed: sustainable development.
The impact achieved by the Brundtland report to include this new term can be corroborated in the United Nations Conference hereinafter called the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, 1992. As at previous conferences on the general theme was based on the considerations and concerns, the guidelines of the Earth Summit and the targets were designed to protect our planet.
Thus, for the first time in history, 180 countries represented at the Earth Summit joined the name of climate change treaty, to take measures to mitigate this product, due to increased emissions of greenhouse gas emissions. At present there are 181 governments party to the treaty, which meet annually to review progress and continue the search for solutions to problems. "
At some point later, in 1997, all countries of compromise with the Climate Change met in Kyoto, Japan, and established the foundations for the commitment to reduce emissions by 7% in the next decade, a commitment reached by countries met in Rio five years earlier. In 1998, industrialized countries have increased their emissions up to 10%, for example, the United States has exceeded over 20%.
In the same year of the Kyoto meeting, the second Earth Summit held at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York. But by balance between established at the first Summit of Rio de Janeiro and reached the same, the result is discouraging. Although agreements were reaffirmed, the objectives established to stop the damage to the planet was not achieved. In fact, globalization of the economy destroyed the gains made by the Rio Agenda, has established an economy operating in the world and exposed natural resources to the voracity of the market. These are some warning signs present:
• In many places in North America have recorded their hottest seasons or days at the end of the decade to 1990.
• Since 1980, Earth experienced 19 of its hottest years, 1998 being the warmest, with 2002 and 2003 as second and third, respectively.
• In 2003, extreme heat waves caused more than 20. 000 deaths in Europe and over 1. 500 dead in India.
• Mosquitoes carry diseases, are growing that climate change will enable them to survive in areas that were previously inhospitable to them. Mosquitoes that can carry the dengue virus have been limited up to 1. 000 meters, but they have recently appeared in 2. 200 meters in the Andean mountains of Colombia. Malaria in the higher areas of Indonesia, has also been detected.
• According to NASA, the polar ice cap melting at an alarming rate of 9% per decade. In the decade of 1960, the thickness of Arctic ice has decreased by 40%.
• The current rate of rise in sea level is three times higher than the historical rate and appears to be accelerating.
• A recent study published in the prestigious Nature publication found at least 279 species of plants and animals are already responding to global warming. The geographical distribution of species has moved over the poles at an average of 6.5 kilometers (4 miles) per decade, and their shoots are ahead in an average of 2 days before each decade .
• Over the past 25 years, some penguin populations have decreased by 33% in parts of Antarctica due to reductions in winter habitat in the sea ice.
The hidden meaning of disagreement focuses on the form to address the problem. This means that all participating countries agree with the existence of the current problem of development models, but no one falls in the forms of implementation of solutions. Because these solutions require adjusting economic growth for the good of the planet as an ecosystem, that modern Western society has never considered.
Since the outbreak of the term sustainable development in 1987, its meaning has been focused on environmental sustainability, generating a domino effect of global summits and meetings geared towards reaffirming the need to face the same problem: The satisfaction of human needs is not sustainable over time in the way that future generations will not count with the same resources we have now.
With meetings held since then, we can highlight the 1998 Nobel Prize in 63 countries that have developed a manifesto reaffirming the climate crisis the world in 1997, before signing the Kyoto Protocol in Japan. In the same year, the Rome Agreement was celebrated, focusing on the proper use of fertile land.
At some point later, in 1998, Lisbon Expo focuses on protecting the oceans. In 2000, the Climate Summit was held in The Hague, Netherlands, concluding again that the objectives were not achieved. In 2002, Johannesburg, South Africa, another Earth Summit with similar findings occurred. (http://www. gencat. net/mediamb/revista/rev33 cast. htm)
Although it seems incredible, the fundamental focus of all debates have focused on an agreement on how how the emissions of contaminants must be measured to determine if the targets for its reduction were achieved. Granted, however, not always those that offer the greatest force in this debate are the countries that most contaminating the planet.
An example of this is that recently, a documentary was released, entitled An Inconvenient Truth, sponsored by Al Gore, who has played an important role in the political positioning of this topic in the United States. The documentary shows the retreat of glaciers through many photos taken over several years, and a study by researchers at the University of Berna Physic Institute and the epic that displays kernel data Antarctican ice with concentrations, these days, carbon dioxide higher than during the last 650,000 years.
Similarly, the documentary reveals a survey by Dr. Naomi Oreskes (2004), which consists of a review of 928 scientific articles related to global climate change published between 1993 and 2003. The survey, published in the journal Science, showed that each article be blamed global warming on human actions, or made no comment about that at all.
The scientific basis of this document that our planet is on a critical and unprecedented are detailed and revealing, and today more than ever the awakening of environmental awareness is necessary, based on a perspective of sustainable development to achieve balanced coexistence with the ecosystem that supports life as our species.
Improving the environment is a commitment by businesses and citizens. To start this stage, the great sacrifices or difficult and innovative methods are not necessary, the solution is simpler than previously thought: it is in your hands. From your room, start with these 10 things to be recommended by An Inconvenient Truth. (http://www. climatecrisis. org/pdf/10things. pdf): 1. – Change a Light
Replacing one regular light bulb with a compact fluorescent bulb will save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide per year. 2. – Drive less
Walk, bike, carpool or use public transit more often. You'll save one pound of carbon dioxide for every mile you do not drive! 3. – Recycle more
You can register 2. 400 pounds of carbon dioxide per year by recycling just half your household waste. 4. – Check your tires
Keep your tires properly inflated can improve fuel consumption by more than 3%. Each gallon of gasoline saved keeps 20 pounds of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere! 5. – Use less hot water
It takes energy to heat water. Use less hot water by installing a showerhead low flow (350 pounds of CO2 saved per year) and washing your clothes in cold or warm water (500 pounds saved per year) 6. – Avoid products with lots of packaging
You can save 1. 200 pounds of carbon dioxide if you reduce your garbage by 10%. 7. – Adjust your thermostat
Moving your thermostat just 2 degrees in winter and up 2 degrees in summer. You could save around 2. 000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year with this simple adjustment. 8. – Plant a tree
A single tree absorbs one tonne of carbon dioxide during its lifetime. 9. – Turn off electronics
Simply turning off your television, DVD player, stereo and computer when not using them will save thousands of pounds of carbon dioxide per year. 10. – Be part of the solution
Spread the world! Encourage your friends to see An Inconvenient Truth and send the PDF document below: Http: / / www. climatecrisis. org/pdf/10things. pdfREFERENCES
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• Informe Brundtland. Available at: http://es. wikipedia. org / wiki / Informe_Brundtland
• Brundtland Report: www. ace. MMU. ac. / EAE uk / Sustainability / Older / Brundtland
• Convenio de Estocolmo sobre orgánicos persistent contaminants. Available at: www. POP. int / documents / convtext / convtext_sp. pdf
• Cumbre para la Tierra. Available at: www. UN. org / Spanish / conferences / Cumbre & 5. htm
• ¿El desarrollo sostenible posibilidad de mejoramiento de la calidad de vida o utopía para el futuro? Available at: http://lunazul. ucaldas. edu. co/downloads/9d56d192Revista20_7. pdf
• Desarrollo Sostenible. Available at: http://es. wikipedia. org / wiki / Desarrollo_sostenible
• Revista Science. Disponible en: http://www. sciencemag. org
• La Cumbre de la Tierra 2002. Available at: www. FONDOIN. / Documentos org / getbindata. php? docid = 10
• Johannesburgo, ¿Y ahora qué? Available at: http://www. gencat. net/mediamb/revista/rev33-cast. htm
• An Inconvenient Truth. Available at: http://www. climatecrisis. org
• Consecuencias del Calentamiento Global. Available at: http://www. NRDC. / Laondaverde org / globalwarming / FCON. asp
Tags: Earth, Energy, environment, environmental, environmentally friendly, green, House, plant, Recycling, Science, study, Sustainable